(Ngữ điệu: Thăng-giáng)

Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian là một dạng mệnh đề phụ cho biết thời điểm diễn ra một điều gì đó. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng những từ: when, before, after, as soon as, until, while.

Ex: When the phone rang, the baby woke up.

      adverbial clause                main clause

• KHÔNG dùng thì tương lai trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. Khi muốn nói về tương lai, chúng ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn.
  • Ex: They are going to come soon. I’ll wait here until they come.
• Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn được dùng trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian để diễn đạt một hành động đang diễn ra trong tương lai.
  • Ex: While I am traveling in Europe next year, I’m going to save money by staying in youth hostels.
• Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian để nhấn mạnh rằng một hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một hành động khác.
  • Ex: I will go to bed after I have finished my work.

Complete each of the following sentences, using a suitable adverbial clause of time in the box. Use each clause once only. (Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau dùng mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian thích hợp trong khung. Mỗi mệnh đề chỉ dùng một lần.)

while they were on holiday                   as long as imperialism exists  whenever we are in Hanoi                     after the war was over  before you leave                                    as he walked away  when I see Mary tomorrow                   till you get back  as soon as she arrives in Ho Chi Minh City

1. She’ll phone you………………………….
2. ………………..we started rebuilding the country.
3. They met a lot of people………………………
4. …………….don’t forget to turn off the lights.
5. I’ll stay…………………………
6. We’ll come to see you ………………..
7. There is a danger of war……………….
8. Tom sang a merry song ………………………….

Guide to answer

1. She’ll phone you as soon as she arrives in Ho Chi Minh City.
2. After the war was over, we started rebuilding the country.
3. They met a lot of people while they were on holiday.
4. Before you leave, don’t forget to turn off the lights.
5. I’ll stay till you get back.
6. We’ll come to see you whenever we are in Hanoi.
7. There is a danger of war as long as imperialism exists.
8. Tom sang a merry song as he walked away.

Supply the correct tence form of the verbs in brackets. (Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. When he (arrive), he will tell us about the match.
2. Before the head teacher (arrive), I’ll give the guests their tea.
3. Peter and John are goine to play tennis tonight. While they (play), we’ll go to the beach.
4. Since they (get) married, they have moved the house twice.
5. As soon as I (finish), I’ll give you a call.
6. After he (graduate) from university, he joined the army.
7. Can you look after the children while I (be) out?
8. When I (read) this novel, you can have it.

Guide to answer

1. When he arrives, he will tell us about the match.
2. Before the head teacher arrives, I’ll give the guests their tea.
3. Peter and John are goine to play tennis tonight. While they are playing, we’ll go to the beach.
4. Since they got married, they have moved the house twice.
5. As soon as I have finished, I’ll give you a call.
6. After he graduated from university, he joined the army.
7. Can you look after the children while I am out?
8. When I have read this novel, you can have it.

Combine two sentences, using one as an adverbial clause of time with the given conjunction. (Kết hợp hai câu, dùng một câu như mệnh đề chỉ thời gian với liên từ được cho.)

1. It’s going to start raining. Let’s go out before that.

 Let’s………………before………………….

2. I’ll find somewhere to live. Then I’ll aive you my address.

I………………when………………….

3. He had done his homework. Then he went to bed.

After he…………….,………………….

4. We’ll make our decision. Then we’ll let you know.

……………….as soon as……………………

5. I left school (3 years ago). I haven’t met them since then.

I……………Since………………..

6. Robert was doing the examination. He suddenly began to feel ill during the examination.

Robert ……………………..while…………………….

7. Kate is going to finish the last semester. Then she’ll come back home.

……………………….. after………………………..

Guide to answer

1. Let’s go out before it starts raining / to rain .
2. I’ll give you my address when I have found somewhere to live.
3. After he had done his homework, he went to bed.
4. We’ll let you know as soon as we have made our decision.
5. I haven’t met them since I left school.
6. Robert suddenly began to feel ill while he was doing the examination.
7. Kate will come back home after she has finished the last semester.