The pronunciation of the ending “s” (Cách phát âm mẫu tự “s” ở cuối từ)

Nguyên tắc phát âm như sau: Có 3 cách phát âm đuôi “s”/ “es”

– /s/ sau âm vô thanh (voiceless consonant): /p/, /f/, /t/, /k/, /θ/

Ví dụ: cups /kʌps/, works /wɜ:ks/, laughs /lɑ:fs/,…

– /iz/ sau những âm: /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/​​

Ví dụ: buses /bʌsiz/, watch /wɔtʃiz/,…

– /z/ sau âm hữu thanh (voiced consonant), nguyên âm và các phụ âm: /b/, /v/, /d/, /ð/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /g/, /ŋ​/​

Ví dụ: days /deiz/, hills /hilz/, clothes /klouðz/,…

Nguyên tắc này được áp dụng với mẫu tự “s” đứng ở cuối danh từ số nhiều, sở hữu cách và động từ ở ngôi thứ ba số ít (có quy tắc).

Tense Revision (Ôn tập thì)

Past simple, Past progressive, Present perfect

Tenses (Các thì)	Form (Công thức)	Signal words (Nhận biết)
Past simple (Quá khứ đơn)	S + V-ed(II) + O S + did + not + V(bare infinitive) Did + S + V(bare infinitive)?	yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in + time (in the past),…
Past progressive (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)	S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were + not + V-ing Was/Were + S + V-ing?	2p.m yesterday, … (Thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ)
Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành)	S+have/has+V-ed(III) S+ have/has + not + V-ed(III) Have/Has + S + V-ed(III)?	for, since, recently, so far, several time,  never, ever, yet….

Underline the most suitable tense form in each sentence. (Gạch chân dưới dạng thì thích hợp nhất trong mỗi câu sau)

1. Did you see / Have you seen my bas anywhere? I can’t find it.

2. Hello Peter, are you back from the match? Did you enjoy/Have you enjoyed it?

3. This is the photo of my great grandfather. He was/has been married six times.

4. Have you given/Did you give Helen my message when you have seen/saw her?

5. Sony, could you say that again? I didn’t listen/haven’t listened to you.

6. Did you two meet/Have you two met before? Laura, this is Peter.

7. Did you meet/Have you met anyone interesting at the party?

Guide to answer

1. Did you see / Have you seen my bas anywhere? I can’t find it.

2. Hello Peter, are you back from the match? Did you enjoy/Have you enjoyed it?

3. This is the photo of my great grandfather. He was/has been married six times.

4. Have you given/Did you give Helen my message when you have seen/saw her?

5. Sony, could you say that again? I didn’t listen/haven’t listened to you.

6. Did you two meet/Have you two met before? Laura, this is Peter.

7. Did you meet/Have you met anyone interesting at the party?

Decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space. (Hãy xác định câu trả lời nào A, B hay C thích hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống)

Dear Linda,                                          

I am sorry I (1) ___ B___ to for so long, but I (2) ___________ very busy lately. All last month I (3) __________ exams, and I (4) ________ anything else but study for ages,  Anyway, I (5) _______ studying  now and I (6) _________ for my exam results.

As you can see from this letter, I (7) ________ my address and (8) _______ in Corydon now. I (9) ________ that I wanted a change form central London because it (10) ________  so expensive. A friend (11) ________ me about this flat, and I (12) _________ here about two months ago.

When you (13) _______ to England this summer, please visit me. I(14) ____________ here until the middle of August. Then  I (15) _____________ on holiday to Scotland.

Please write soon.

Margaret.

1. A. don’t write       B. haven’t written      C. am not writing

2. A. was being        B. am                       C. have been

3. A. had                 B. was having            C. have had

4. A. haven’t done    B. don’t do                C. wasn’t doing

5. A. stop                B. have stopped         C. was stopping

6. A. wait                B. am waiting            C. have waited

7. A. am changing    B. have changed        C. will change

8. A. will live            B. have lived             C. live

9. A. decided           B. have decided         C. decide

10. A. will become     B.becomes                C. has become

11. A. tells                B. told                       C. was telling

12. A. have moved     B. was moving           C. moved

13. A. will come        B. came                     C. come

14. A. am staying      B. stayed                   C. stay

15. A. have gone       B. am going               C. will have gone

Guide to answer

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
B	C	A	A	B	B	B	C	B	C	B	C	C	A	B